Pilates reformer

ABSTRACT

Some embodiments are directed to an exercise apparatus having a frame comprising a first end, a second end and two generally horizontal frame members extending from the first end to the second end, a carriage supported by the horizontal frame members, the carriage being configured to translate along at least a portion of a length of the horizontal frame members and having a planar support surface, a first set of springs supported by the carriage, the first set of springs being configured to extend toward at least the first end of the frame, and a convertible platform positioned adjacent to at least one of the first and second ends of the frame. A vertical height of the convertible platform is adjustable from a first, platform or carriate height position to at least a second, chair position relative to a ground surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/702,593, filed Sep. 18, 2012, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

1. Field of the Disclosure

The disclosure relates generally to the field of exercise equipment in which a movable carriage is moved against a resistance force to exercise one or more muscles of the body. Such devices are commonly referred to as reformers.

2. Description of the Related Art

Reformers are a type of exercise machine originated by Joseph Pilates. A traditional reformer can have a rectangular wood or metal frame supporting two parallel rails or tracks along which a wheeled carriage can travel, Springs or other resistance members can be used to a resiliently bias the carriage toward a foot end of the frame. A user typically sits or lies on the carriage and pushes against a foot bar at the foot end of the apparatus to move the carriage away from foot bar. Alternatively, the user can grasp the ends of a pair of ropes or straps that pass through pulleys at the head end of the frame and are attached to the carriage to move the carriage along the rails.

It is often also useful for a user to be able to do exercises on the reformer in a seated position. Most reformers available do not provide equipment or mechanisms necessary to work out in a seated position or the ability to raise a platform of the reformer for elevated exercises. Additionally, conventional reformer devices do not come equipped with adjustable handle grips near the elevated portion of the apparatus that a user can grasp during various exercise movements and routines using the chair member of the reformer apparatus. There is therefore a need for a reformer apparatus that is simple and easy to use, which has a compact convertible platform mechanism that can convert from a usable padded surface of the apparatus to a chair member to perform any of variety of different exercises using the elevated platform (also referred to herein as a chair) when converted into the chair configuration. For example, a user can perform exercises in a different plane using the elevated platform, or perform exercises from a seated position, kneeling, lying, or otherwise from the elevate platform. Any discussion of chair exercises, seated exercises, or exercises performed in the chair in this application are meant to refer to exercises performed in any of the foregoing body positions or generally performed on the elevated platform. Additionally, there is a need for a reformer apparatus having one or more handle members that are adjustable to suit a wide range of users exercising in a seated position on the chair apparatus.

SUMMARY OF SOME EMBODIMENTS

Some embodiments disclosed herein relate to an exercise device, which can be a Pilates reformer device. For example, some embodiments are directed to an exercise apparatus having a frame comprising a first end, a second end, and two generally horizontal frame members extending from the first end to the second end. The apparatus can have a carriage supported by the horizontal frame members, the carriage being configured to translate along at least a portion of a length of the horizontal frame members and having a planar support surface. The apparatus can also have a first set of springs supported by the carriage, the first set of springs being configured to extend toward at least the first end of the frame, and a convertible platform positioned adjacent to at least one of the first and second ends of the frame. In some embodiments, the convertible platform can have a planar first surface having an approximately horizontal orientation. A vertical height of the convertible platform can be adjustable from a first position to at least a second position relative to a ground surface. When the convertible platform can be in the first position, the planar first surface of the convertible platform can be approximately level with the planar support surface of the carriage. When the convertible platform is in the second position, the planar first surface of the convertible platform can be positioned above the planar support surface of the carriage.

In all embodiments disclosed herein, it may be more appropriate for the convertible chair or platform to be located on the back end of the reformer. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not so confined. Any of the apparatuses disclosed herein can be configured such that the convertible chair can be attached to or supported by either end of the reformer. Additionally, although the raised platform embodiments and convertible chair embodiments are referred to in this disclosure as a chair or referred to as being used for seated exercises or the like, the term chair is meant to refer to a raised platform that can be used for any standing, kneeling, lying (as on stomach or side), seated, or other exercise positions and is not confined to exercises performed in the seated position and any reference to a seated exercise or sitting position is meant to refer also to standing, kneeling, lying (as on stomach or side), seated, or any other desired exercise positions.

Having two different platforms in one machine can enable a user to work out in different planes or vectors of motion, and can improve the flow of any exercise class by having this increased functionality on a single apparatus. It can also enable a user to perform a greater variety of exercises to exercise a greater variety of muscle groups.

Additionally, some embodiments are directed to an exercise apparatus comprising a frame comprising a first end, a second end and two generally horizontal frame members extending from the first end to the second end, a carriage supported by the horizontal frame members, the carriage being configured to translate along at least a portion of a length of the horizontal frame members and having a planar support surface, a first set of springs supported by the carriage, the first set of springs being configured to extend toward at least the first end of the frame, and a platform positioned adjacent to an end portion of the frame, the platform having a top surface that can be positioned above a top surface of the carriage and can be configured to support a user in a seated position. The apparatus can also have a pair of handle members positioned adjacent to the platform adjacent to each side of the platform. In any embodiments disclosed herein, any of the foot bars can be configured to be convertible into use as a handle bar member, for any standing, kneeling, lying (as on stomach or side), seated, or other exercise positions, with or without the use of a raised platform.

In some embodiments, each handle member can have a first portion configured to extend generally away from the ground surface and a second portion supported by the first portion that extends approximately perpendicularly away from the first portion. Further, the position of each handle member can be adjusted such that the second portion can be moved from a first position height relative to the ground surface to a second height relative to the ground surface, the second height being further away from the ground surface than the first height. Also, the second portion of each handle member can be selectively rotatable about an axis extending approximately through the centerline of the first portion of the handle member such that the rotational orientation of each handle member can be adjusted from a first rotational orientation to at least a second rotational orientation about the axis extending approximately through the centerline of the first portion of the handle member.

Additionally, this disclosure is directed to the following arrangements:

Arrangement 1: An exercise apparatus comprising:

-   -   a frame comprising a first end, a second end, and two generally         horizontal frame members extending from the first end to the         second end;     -   a carriage supported by the horizontal frame members, the         carriage being configured to translate along at least a portion         of a length of the horizontal frame members and having a planar         support surface;     -   a first set of springs supported by the carriage, the first set         of springs being configured to extend toward at least the first         end of the frame; and     -   a convertible platform positioned adjacent to at least one of         the first and second ends of the frame;     -   wherein:         -   the convertible platform comprises a planar first surface             having an approximately horizontal orientation;         -   a vertical height of the convertible platform is adjustable             from a first position to at least a second position relative             to a ground surface;         -   when the convertible platform is in the first position, the             planar first surface of the convertible platform is             approximately level with the planar support surface of the             carriage; and         -   when the convertible platform is in the second position, the             planar first surface of the convertible platform is             positioned above the planar support surface of the carriage,             thereby permitting a user to perform a different variety of             exercises on the platform in a different plane of movement             from a standing, kneeling, and lying positions.

Arrangement 2: The apparatus of Arrangement 1, further comprising a second set of springs supported by the carriage, the second set of springs being configured to extend toward the second end of the frame.

Arrangement 3: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, wherein the first set of springs is configured to extend toward the first end of the frame and the second end of the frame.

Arrangement 4: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, wherein the convertible platform can be supported on one or more guides along which the convertible platform can be moved from the first position to the second position.

Arrangement 5: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, further comprising one or more helical springs, gas springs, or other springs that exert an upward force on the convertible platform to enable a user to more easily move the convertible platform from the first position to the second position.

Arrangement 6: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, comprising a pair of handle members positioned adjacent to the convertible platform, each handle member having a body portion configured to extend in a vertical direction and a gripping portion configured to extend in a direction approximately transverse to the body portion.

Arrangement 7: The apparatus of Arrangement 6, wherein each handle member is configured such that the gripping portion can be secured in any of a plurality of rotational orientations relative to the body portion independent of the rotational position of the other of the handle members.

Arrangement 8: The apparatus of Arrangement 7, wherein each handle member is further configured such that a vertical position of the gripping portion of each handle member is adjustable between a plurality of different vertical positions relative to the ground surface, such that the gripping portion can be secured in any of a plurality of different vertical positions relative to the ground surface.

Arrangement 9: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, comprising one or more rotatable pedal members positionable adjacent to at least one of the first end and the second end of the frame, the pedal members being configured to rotate about an approximately horizontally oriented axis and configured to produce a resistance force when a user exerts a downward force thereon.

Arrangement 10: The apparatus of Arrangement 9, wherein the one or more pedal members are retractable such that, the pedal members are in a retracted state when not being used, and in an extended state when being used.

Arrangement 11: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, wherein the convertible platform is removably supported by at least one of the first end and the second end of the frame.

Arrangement 12: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, wherein the carriage comprises a plurality of openings formed through a top surface thereof, the plurality of openings each being configured to removably support two or more shoulder pads therein.

Arrangement 13: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, comprising a foot strap that can be positioned at any desired location along the length of the frame.

Arrangement 14: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, wherein:

-   -   the carriage comprises a plurality of openings formed through a         top surface thereof;     -   each the plurality of openings are configured to removably         support a shoulder pad therein;     -   the should pads define a first width in a first direction and a         second width in a second direction, the second width being         greater than the first width;     -   the shoulder pads can each be supported in one of a plurality of         different orientations;     -   when the shoulder pads are positioned in the openings such that         the shoulder pads are each in a first orientation, the spacing         between adjacent shoulder pads is less than when the shoulder         pads are positioned in the openings such that the shoulder pads         are in a second orientation.

Arrangement 15: The apparatus of any one of the previous arrangements, wherein the platform is removably supportable by any of a plurality either of a first pair of brackets and a second pair of brackets supported by the frame, wherein the platform positioned in the first pair of brackets would position the platform at the first position and the platform positioned in the second pair of brackets would position the platform at the second position.

Arrangement 16: An exercise apparatus comprising:

-   -   a frame comprising a first end, a second end and two generally         horizontal frame members extending from the first end to the         second end;     -   a carriage supported by the horizontal frame members, the         carriage being configured to translate along at least a portion         of a length of the horizontal frame members and having a planar         support surface;     -   a first set of springs supported by the carriage, the first set         of springs being configured to extend toward at least the first         end of the frame; a platform positioned adjacent to an end         portion of the frame, the platform having a top surface that is         positioned above a top surface of the carriage and is configured         to support a user in a seated position; and     -   a pair of handle members positioned adjacent to the platform         adjacent to each side of the platform;     -   wherein:         -   each handle member has a first portion configured to extend             generally away from the ground surface and a second portion             supported by the first portion that extends approximately             perpendicularly away from the first portion;         -   the position of each handle member can be adjusted such that             the second portion can be moved from a first position height             relative to the ground surface to a second height relative             to the ground surface, the second height being further away             from the ground surface than the first height; and         -   the second portion of each handle member is selectively             rotatable about an axis extending approximately through the             centerline of the first portion of the handle member such             that the rotational orientation of each handle member can be             adjusted from a first rotational orientation to at least a             second rotational orientation about the axis extending             approximately through the centerline of the first portion of             the handle member.

Arrangement 17: The apparatus of Arrangement 16, wherein an end of the first portion of the handle member has a square cross-sectional shape configured to be received within a square shaped opening of a support member secured to the apparatus such that the support member remains in a fixed rotational position and prevents the first portion of the handle member from rotating when the end of the first portion of the handle member is engaged with the opening.

Arrangement 18: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-17, wherein the platform is positionable such that a top surface of the platform is approximately 8 inches or more above a top surface of the carriage.

Arrangement 19: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-18, further comprising a second set of springs supported by the carriage, the second set of springs being configured to extend toward the second end of the frame.

Arrangement 20: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-19, wherein the first portion of each handle member can rotate about an axis that is approximately horizontal and approximately perpendicular to the direction of travel of the carriage.

Arrangement 21: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-20, wherein the apparatus comprises a pair of handle members, and the pair of handle members is convertible from a first footbar position in which the second portion of each handle member is pointing inwardly toward one another to a second handle position in which each handle member has been extended further away from each first portion and is positionable in an angular orientation wherein each of the second portions is pointing approximately in the same, parallel direction.

Arrangement 22: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-21, wherein the first set of springs is configured to extend toward the first end of the frame and the second end of the frame.

Arrangement 23: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-22, comprising one or more rotatable pedal members positionable adjacent to at least one of the first end and the second end of the frame, the pedal members being configured to rotate about an approximately horizontally oriented axis and configured to produce a resistance force when a user exerts a downward force thereon.

Arrangement 24: The apparatus of Arrangement 23, wherein the one or more pedal members are retractable such that the pedal members are in a retracted state when not being used, and in an extended state when being used.

Arrangement 25: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-24, wherein the platform is removably supported by at least one of the first end and the second end of the frame.

Arrangement 26: The apparatus of Arrangement 25, comprising one or more pedal members supported by the platform such that, as the platform is moved from a first position to a second position, the second position being higher than the first position, the pedal members automatically move from a retracted position to an extended position.

Arrangement 27: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-26, wherein the convertible platform can be supported on one or more guides along which the convertible platform can be moved from the first position to the second position.

Arrangement 28: The apparatus of any one of Arrangements 16-27, further comprising one or more helical springs, gas springs, or other springs that exert an upward force on the convertible platform to enable a user to more easily move the convertible platform from the first position to the second position.

Arrangement 29: A method of exercising, comprising:

-   -   supporting one's body on a carriage member movably supported by         one or more guides of an exercise apparatus;     -   exerting a force against a bar assembly using one's feet,         thereby causing the carriage member to travel away from the bar         assembly along the one or more guides of the apparatus, the bar         assembly having a first bar member supported by one side of the         apparatus and a second bar member supported by a second side of         the apparatus;     -   raising the first bar member from a first position to a second         position, the second position being further away from a ground         surface than the first position; and     -   rotating the member of the bar assembly from a first rotational         orientation to a second rotational orientation such that a         handle member of the bar assembly points in a different         rotational orientation when the bar assembly is in the first         rotational orientation as compared to the second rotational         orientation.

It should be noted that any of the features, components, or details of any of the arrangements or embodiments disclosed in this application, including those disclosed below, are interchangeably combinable with any other features, components, or details of any of the arrangements or embodiments disclosed herein to form new arrangements and embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described hereinafter, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a reformer apparatus.

FIG. 2 is another perspective view of the embodiment of the reformer apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an underside of the embodiment of the reformer apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the reformer apparatus showing a spring member extending from both sides of the carriage.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the reformer apparatus shown in FIG. 1, showing the pedal assembly in a downward position.

FIG. 5 is a will perspective view of the embodiment of the reformer apparatus shown in FIG. 1, showing the pedal assembly in an upward position.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, showing the first end portion of the apparatus.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, showing the second end portion of the apparatus.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, showing the second end portion of the apparatus and showing the platform in an open position.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, showing the first end portion of the apparatus and showing a jump board supported by the frame in a vertical position.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus, showing a crossbar positioned at the first end of the apparatus.

FIGS. 11-16 are enlarged perspective views of a portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 18-19 are perspective views of another embodiment of an exercise apparatus.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an exercise apparatus.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an exercise apparatus.

FIGS. 22-24 are schematic illustrations of attachment mechanisms for tension members.

FIG. 25 is a schematic illustration of an engagement or locking mechanism for a carriage.

FIG. 26A is a perspective view of a portion of a carriage assembly.

FIG. 26B is a top view of a shoulder pad.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a storage compartment of an exercise apparatus.

FIGS. 27A-27B are perspective views of an end portion of an exercise apparatus, showing an ankle strap advancing through a slot or opening.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a bar assembly.

FIGS. 29A and 29B are a perspective view and a side view of another embodiment of a bar assembly.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a bar assembly.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a bar and pulley assembly.

FIGS. 32A-32E illustrate an embodiment of a convertible seat assembly.

FIGS. 33A-33C illustrate another embodiment of a convertible seat assembly.

FIG. 34 illustrates an embodiment of a removable seat assembly.

FIG. 35 illustrates another embodiment of a convertible seat assembly.

FIGS. 36A-36C illustrate another embodiment of a convertible seat assembly.

FIGS. 37A-39 illustrate additional embodiments of pedal assemblies.

FIGS. 40-44 are an upper perspective view, a lower perspective view, a first end view, a second end view, and an exploded view, respectively, of another embodiment of an exercise apparatus.

FIGS. 45A-45B illustrate another embodiment of a convertible seat assembly.

FIGS. 46A-46B illustrate another embodiment of a convertible seat assembly.

FIGS. 47 and 48 are a perspective view and an exploded view of an embodiment of a handle member assembly.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view of a portion of an embodiment of an exercise apparatus, showing a jump board in a usable position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EXEMPLIFYING EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to novel apparatuses and methods of an exercise apparatus in which a movable carriage is moved against a resistance force to exercise one or more muscles of the body. Such devices are commonly referred to as reformers. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a reformer apparatus 20 having a first end 20 a and a second end 20 b, a frame 22, and a movable carriage 24 supported by a pair of horizontal frame members 28 of the frame 22. The carriage 24 is configured to translate relative to the frame 22 between at least the first end 20 a and the second end 20 b of the apparatus. The carriage 24 can roll, slide, or otherwise move relative to the frame. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the frame can be formed from wood, metal, fiberglass, plastic, or any combination of the foregoing. The horizontal frame members 28 can extend between a first vertical frame member or members 30 positioned at the first end 20 a of the apparatus 20 and a second vertical frame member or members 32 positioned at the second end 20 b of the apparatus 20.

In any embodiments disclosed herein (which is used to refer to any embodiments disclosed in this patent application), the carriage 24 can have a padded top surface and can support one or more pair of shoulder pads 40. The shoulder pads can be removably supported by openings or receptacles 42, 46. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the shoulder pads 40 are supported by openings 42. However, the carriage 24 can be configured such that a user can remove the shoulder pads 40 and position them in either of the openings or supports, depending on which direction the user is lying in on the carriage or depending on whether the user prefers to remove the shoulder pads to have an open surface on top of the carriage. Therefor, in some arrangements, the user can remove the shoulder pads completely so that there are no shoulder pads supported by the carriage. Additionally, because the shoulder pads 40 are removable, the user can remove the shoulder pads from all openings 42, 46 so that there are no shoulder pads extending from the carriage.

Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the carriage can support one or more headrests 50, 52. The headrests 50, 52 can be configured to be adjustable, wherein the headrests can be elevated in a vertical direction away from the planar surface of the carriage 24, or can be angled or propped up as an angular orientation depending on the comfort and anatomical preferences of the user. Additionally, as shown, the headrests can be used in a stowed or first position, planar to the planar surface of the carriage.

As shown in FIGS. 1-3, inter alia, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the carriage 24 can support one or more tension members 54, 60. The tension members 54, 60 can comprise metal springs, elastomeric springs, resilient elastomeric straps, or other spring-like or axially resilient elements. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, a first set of tension members 54 can be positioned at a first end 24 a of the carriage 24 and a second set of tension members 60 can be positioned at a second end 24 b of the carriage 24.

The first set of tension members 54 can be configured such that an end portion of the each of the tension members 54 can extend toward a first crossbar 56 positioned at or adjacent to the first end 20 a of the apparatus 20, while a second end portion of each of the tension members 54 is supported by or secured to the carriage. The first crossbar 56 can support one or more connecting elements 58 configured to receive an end portion of one or more of the tension members 54, whereby a user can selectively removably attach any number of the tension members 54 to the connecting elements 58 to bias the carriage member toward the first end 20 a of the apparatus 20. As illustrated in FIGS. 2-3, the carriage can be configured to support six tension members advanceable from each end of the carriage, or eight or more tension members 54 advanceable from each end of the carriage, four being shown.

In this configuration, when one or more of the tension members 54 are attached to the connecting elements 58, the user lying on the carriage or even standing with one or more feet on the carriage, can perform resistance-based exercises by moving the carriage 24 against the bias of the tension members 54 away from the first end 20 a of the apparatus 20.

Additionally, as mentioned, the free end of one or more of the tension members 60 can be removably attached to or supported by one or more connecting elements 62 supported by the second crossbar 64 position at or adjacent to the second end 20 b of the apparatus. In this configuration, the user can attach the tensioning members to provide a biasing force in both directions, i.e., toward the first end the 20 a and the second end 20 b of the apparatus. When the springs are used to bias the carriage member in both directions, the carriage will provide a counterforce in both directions of travel such that if a user pushes or moves the carriage 24 toward the first end 20 a of the apparatus, the tension members 60 will provide a biasing force exerting a force on the carriage toward the second end 20 b of the apparatus. Similarly, in this configuration, if a user pushes or moves the carriage 24 toward the second end 20 b of the apparatus, the tension members 54 will provide a biasing force exerting a force on the carriage toward the first end 20 a of the apparatus.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the carriage 24 can be configured to support only one set of tensioning members 54 that can be configured to extend only toward one end of the reformer. However, in some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, the carriage can be configured to support a single set of spring members that can be configured to extend in both directions, i.e., toward the first end 20 a of the reformer and toward the second end 20 b of the reformer. In such a configuration, the middle portion of each of the tensioning members can be secured to the carriage so that both of the free ends of the tensioning member can extend in opposing directions and so that the spring members will exert a force on the carriage member if the carriage member is moved in either direction.

Any of the tensioning members 54, 60 can exert a different level of force or tension when attached to the crossbars, thereby permitting a user to adjust the level of force exerted on the carriage by selecting a particular spring or plurality of tensioning members 54, 60 to attach to the crossbars. Any number of tensioning members 54, 60 can be simultaneously attached to the crossbars 58, 64, respectively.

With reference to FIG. 1, some embodiments of the apparatus can have a convertible seat assembly 70 (that can be vertically adjustable) and a pedal assembly 72 positioned at the first end the 20 a of the apparatus 20. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the pedal assembly 72 can be supported by the frame elements 30 positioned at or adjacent to the first end 20 a of the apparatus 20. The pedal assembly 72 can be configured to face inward toward the carriage 24 as opposed to facing outward away from the carriage 24. In this arrangement, the apparatus can be more compact and space efficient, and can reduce the risk of injury by someone inadvertently walking into the pedal assembly 72. A user sitting, kneeling, standing, or lying on the seat member 70 or any seat element or platform disclosed herein or even, in some embodiments, the carriage 24, can extend their arms or legs through the space 73 between the seat member 70 and the carriage 24 and exert a downward force on the pedal assembly 72 for exercise purposes. The pedal assembly 72 can have one or more frame members 74 extending away from the vertical frame members 38 configured to rotate about an axis or axle positioned at a first end 74 a of the frame member 74.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the pedal assembly 72 can be configured to face outward, away from the carriage 24 so that the user sitting on the seat 70 and facing away from the carriage can exert a downward force on the pedal assembly 72 to exercise.

A crossbar 76 that can have a padded surface can extend perpendicularly away from the frame member 74 and can be configured to support a user's foot or hand. The crossbar 76 can be continuous or can be split in the middle such that the two halves of the crossbar 76 can be operated independently. One or more spring members 78 can bias the pedal assembly 72 in an upward position such that a user must overcome the force exerted on a pedal assembly 72 by the spring members 78 in order to move or rotate the pedal assembly 72 to a downward position. The spring members 78 can be attached at one end portion thereof to the frame members 30. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the apparatus can be configured to have only one spring member 78 to bias the foot bar to an upward position. In FIG. 4, the pedal assembly 72 is shown in a downward position. The foot bar is shown in an upward, relaxed position in FIGS. 5 and 6.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, an end portion of the spring member 78 can be adjustable relative to the frame member 74 to allow a user to adjust the position of the end of the spring member 78 along the length of the frame member 74. For example, a plurality of hooks or attachment elements can be positioned along the length of the frame member 74 for receiving an end portion of the spring member 78, or the end of the spring member 78 can be slid along the length of the frame member 74 in a guide, channel or track, and locked in a desired position by a user.

In this manner, a user can adjust the force exerted on the frame member 74 and hence, the foot bar 76, by adjusting the position of the end of the spring 78 along the length of the frame member 74. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the crossbar 76 can be rotatable relative to the frame member 74 to facilitate the use of the pedal assembly 72 by a user sitting, kneeling, or lying, on the carriage or the seat 70.

With reference to FIG. 6, the seat member 70 can be configured to be vertically adjustable relative to the frame members 30. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the seat member 70 can be attached to tubular members 86 that surround and slide relative to the vertical frame members 30. Latch members 88 can be attached to or otherwise supported by the tubular members 86 and can be configured to selectively engage any one of the plurality of openings 90 formed in the frame member 30 such that a user can position the seat member 70 in any of a number of vertical positions by engaging the latch members 88 with the plurality of openings 90 positioned in the frame members 30. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the latch members 88 can be spring loaded or biased to remain engaged with the openings 90 positioned in the frame members 30. As illustrated, the latch members 88 can be a lever style latch member or can have rotatable latch members, that rotate about a hinge in the latch. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the latch members can be biased in an extended position so as to bias the pushpins into the openings 91 when aligned with the openings 90. Additionally, in such embodiments, the pushpins can have a threaded lock whereby a user can lock the pushpins in the desired openings 90 to reduce the risk that a user would inadvertently disengage the latch 88 from the respective opening 90.

With reference to FIGS. 7-8, some embodiments of the apparatus 20 can have a foot bar 100 (sometimes referred herein as a crossbar) positioned adjacent to a second end 20 b of the apparatus 20. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the foot bar 100 can be configured to be supported within a channel 102 formed in the frame member 22. The foot bar 100 can have a first pin or bolt 104 and a second pin or bolt 106 configured to be received within the channel member formed in the frame member 22. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the channel 102 formed in the frame member can have a T shape so that the foot bar can be supported in any of four or more different positions, depending on whether additional recesses, detents, or other features are added to the channel. In any footbar embodiments disclosed herein, the footbar can be configured to be secured in any desired number of angular orientations, including a vertical position, and two or more orientations that form an angle to the vertical position. For example, in some embodiments, the footbar can be positionable in four or more angular positions.

For example, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the apparatus can be configured such that the foot bar 100 can be supported in a neutral or center position, the neutral or center position being shown in FIGS. 7-8. Additionally, the foot bar 100 can be positioned in a first angled position wherein the foot bar is angled away from the first end 20 a of the apparatus. In this arrangement, if the foot bar 100 is raised and translated or rotated such that the top of the foot bar 100 is moved away the first end 20 a of the apparatus, the second pin 106 can translate in the horizontal portion of the T-shaped channel 102 away a first end 102 a of the T-shaped channel 102.

Additionally, the apparatus 20 and channel 102 can be configured such that the foot bar 100 can be positioned in a second angled position wherein the foot bar is angled further away from the first end 20 a of the apparatus. In this second forward position, the cross member 101 of the foot bar 100 can be positioned approximately adjacent to an end portion of the padded platform 120 so that a user can grasp the foot bar for additional support during exercise routines. Further, the apparatus 20 and channel 102 can be configured such that the cross member 101 of the foot bar 100 can be positioned in a stowed position below the level of the padded platform 120. In this position, the padded platform 120 can be opened up, as shown in FIG. 8 and described in more detail below, without any interference from the foot bar 100. The multiple positions of the foot bar disclosed herein can be achieved in any number of ways known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including but not limited to configuring the channel 102 to support the first and second pins 104, 106 of the foot bar 100 in the position needed to achieve the desired orientation of the foot bar 100. Further, the apparatus 20 and channel 102 can be configured such that the foot bar 100 can be positioned in at least one angled position wherein the foot bar is angled toward the first end 20 a of the apparatus.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the foot bar can be configured such that, to support the foot bar in any of a variety of angular orientations, the foot bar is lifted and rotated and then set into any of a variety of notches or channels. The different notches or channels can define the variety of angular orientations desired, supporting a portion of the foot bar 100 such as a pin or other male engaging feature.

Similarly, if the foot bar 100 is raised and translated or rotated such that the top of the foot bar 100 is moved toward the second end 20 b of the apparatus, the second pin 106 can translate rearward in the horizontal portion of the T-shaped channel 102 toward a second end 102 b of the T-shaped channel 102. The first pin 104 can remain in the vertical portion of the T-shaped channel. Additionally, the foot bar 100 or channel 102 can have recesses, locking features, or other biasing mechanisms to either secure the foot bar in the desired orientation.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the apparatus can have a padded platform 120 positioned at or adjacent to a second end 20 b of the apparatus 20. With reference to FIGS. 7-8, the padded platform 120 can be supported by the frame member 28 so as to rotate between a first position (as shown in FIG. 7) and a second position (as shown in FIG. 8). In the second position, the user can gain easier access to the second crossbar 64 for attaching springs 60 and also better access to a storage compartment or tray 130 supported by the frame member 28. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the padded platform 120 or the frame of the apparatus can support a metal handle at an end thereof that can be used to support an end portion of an axially resilient cable or otherwise.

As shown in FIG. 9, the apparatus 20 can be configured to support a jump board 140 at or adjacent to the first end 20 a of the apparatus 20. The jump board can be secured to the vertical frame members 30 using pins, slots, bolts, pullpins, or any other suitable device. In any embodiments disclosed herein, for example, the jump board 140 can be slid down one or more channels formed in or supported by the vertical frame members 30 such that a user can exert a force on the jump board with his or her feet or hands in the direction of the first end 20 a of the apparatus 20. The jump board can have a handle or opening 142 to facilitate handling, carrying, or removal of the jump board 140. The jump board can be supported in or by channels or other tabs by the frame members 28 when not in use such that the jump board will be stowed away underneath the level of the carriage 24.

Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 9, one or more handles 148 can be supported by one or more vertical tube members 150 supportable within the frame members 30 such that, when in an extended or generally horizontal position, the user can support his or her weight on the handles 148. In FIG. 9, the handles 148 are shown in a stowed or vertical position. The handles 148 are shown in a horizontal or operable position in FIG. 5. The handles 148 can be rotated upward and locked in a horizontal or operable position. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the handles 148 can also be rotated about an axis A such as to further permit a user to adjust the orientation of the handles 148. For example, the handles can be rotated in direction A1 about axis A to adjust the angular orientation of the handles 148. Pushpins, locks, or other similar mechanisms can be used to secure or lock the handles 148 in the desired angular orientation.

With reference to FIG. 10, a crossbar 160 can be removably supported between the vertical tube members 150. The crossbar 160 can be used for stretching, balance support, ballet moves, or other suitable uses. With reference to FIGS. 10-14, the crossbar 160 can be rotatably supported at a first end 160 a of the crossbar by the vertical tubular member 150. A removable connection can support a second end 160 b of the vertical tubular member 150. A latch mechanism 162 can advance a bolt or pin 164 into an opening or recess 168 formed in the vertical tube member 150. The pin 164 can be slid it into engagement with the opening 168 by sliding the latch 162 in the direction of the opening 168. When the latch is slid in the direction of the opening 168, as shown in FIG. 11, the pin will be engaged within the opening 168 such that the crossbar 160 will be secured in the generally horizontal position. To move the crossbar to the stowed position, the latch mechanism 162 can be translated toward the first end 160 a of the crossbar 160, thereby disengaging the pin 164 from the opening 168 and allowing the crossbar 162 be rotated or folded down to vertical or stowed position, as shown in FIGS. 15-16. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the bolts 164 can be biased toward the opening 168 using springs, elastomeric resilient members, or other similar devices or mechanisms. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the crossbar 160 can be configured to be completely removed from the vertical members 150 such that the crossbar 160 can be removed from the apparatus and stowed in any desired position, such as for example using one or more removable pins. Alternatively, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the locking mechanism to support the crossbar 160 in the horizontal position can comprise a push button release mechanism.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 3, in any embodiments disclosed herein, one or more strap members 170 can be supported by the frame member 28 or to the carriage. In operation, the user can position their feet under the flexible but preferably axially substantially rigid straps 170 such as for situps for example, or grasp the straps 170 with his or her hands to stabilize his or her body during particular exercises. The strap members 170 should be rigid enough to provide support to a user's hand or foot, but be flexible enough so as to be comfortable to the user. As shown in FIG. 3, there are a total of four strap members 170 supported along a length of the frame. In any embodiments disclosed herein, one or two or more strap members can be positionable at any of a plurality of predefined positions along a length of the frame member. In some embodiments, strap members can be slidably supported by the frame member or can be attachable to a plurality of hooks, magnets, pins, tabs, flanges, or other suitable fastening mechanisms along the length of the frame. The fastening mechanisms should be configured to restrain the strap member or members 170 when an upward force is being applied to the strap member or members.

Additionally, with reference to FIG. 17, the user can exercise his or her arm muscles or other upper body muscles by pulling on any one of the handles 180 that are connected by cables 182 to the carriage. The cables 182 can be routed about pulleys 184 supported by the frame 22 and can attach at an end portion thereof to tabs or locking features 186 supported by the carriage 24. The tabs 186 can be configured such that a user can pull the cables 182 through the tabs 186 in one direction, but so that the tabs lock the cable and prevent the cable from translating relative to the tabs 186 in a second, opposite direction.

In this configuration, the cables and handles can be secured to the carriage 24 such that, when the tension members are engaged with the crossbars 56, 64, the user pulling on the handles 180 will cause the carriage 24 to move in a direction opposite that to which the handles are pulled against the bias and force of the tension members between the carriage 24 and the crossbars 56, 64. The straps and pulley mechanism can be used also to exercise the user's lower body muscles.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, as illustrated in FIGS. 18-19, one or more foot straps can be connected to the carriage 24 and can extend past the first end 20 a of the apparatus. The foot straps can be configured such that a user can exercise the muscles of his or her lower body using the foot strap 190 by pulling the foot strap away from the carriage, causing the carriage to move against the force or bias exerted on the carriage by the tension members.

FIG. 21 illustrates another embodiment of an exercise apparatus 200. In any exercise apparatus embodiments disclosed herein, including the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 21, the exercise apparatus can have any of the other features, materials, components, details, or any combination of the foregoing of any other part or assembly embodiments disclosed herein. For example, without limitation, any of the features described with respect to any of the embodiments in any of FIGS. 1-20 can be added to or used in the alternative to any of the features described in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 21, or the embodiment of any other figures disclosed herein. With reference to FIG. 21, the apparatus 200 can have a first end 200 a and a second end 200 b, a frame 202, and a movable carriage 204 supported by a pair of horizontal frame members 208 of the frame 202. The carriage 204 is configured to translate relative to the frame 202 between at least the first end 200 a and the second end 200 b of the apparatus. The carriage 24 can roll, slide, or otherwise move relative to the frame 202. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the frame can be formed from wood, metal, fiberglass, plastic, or any combination of the foregoing and can be generally horizontal and straight or can be curved. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the horizontal members 208 can have internal channels running approximately horizontal and straight (even if the frame has a generally curved appearance from the outside), in which a tracking element of the carriage can be received, and can move between the ends of the frame.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the exercise apparatus 200 can have one or more tension members 220 configured to resist a movement of the carriage 204 relative to either or both of the first and second ends of the frame 202. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the tension members 220 can comprise metal springs, elastomeric springs, resilient elastomeric straps, or other spring like or axially biasing elements. The tension members can either be supported by the carriage 204, being attached to an underside of the carriage 204, or to an attachment fixture supported on an underside of the carriage.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the apparatus can have between one tension member and as many as eight, ten, twelve or more tension members, or from one to six tension members, extending from each end of the carriage 204. Additionally, any of the tension members can be configured to extend from both ends of the carriage 204 (or a first set of tension members can extend from a first side of the carriage, and a second set of tension members can extend from an opposite second side of the carriage), such that the tension members can be attached to attachment members on either end of the frame, spanning the length of the frame. In this configuration, with tension members attached to attachment members on both ends of the frame, the carriage will resist movement in either direction along the frame.

With reference to FIGS. 22-24, in any embodiments disclosed herein, any of the tension members can be supported on an underside of the carriage 204 and can have a retaining member 205 configured to support all or a portion of a length of the spring 220 in a vertical direction, so that the spring does not sag away from the carriage. Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the tension member 220 can have an attachment member on one or both ends thereof. In any embodiments disclosed herein, as illustrated in FIG. 22, the attachment member 222 can have a loop shape having an opening 223 therethrough that can be configured to slip over a post, flange, hook, or other similar attachment member supported by the frame on either of the ends thereof. Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the tension member can have a limit flange 224 configured to prevent an end of the tension member from retracting into the channel or opening between the carriage 204 and the retention member 205. In this configuration, the flange can maintain an end portion of the tension member such that the end portion of the tension member can be easily reached by a user by grasping an end portion of the tension member adjacent to an end portion of the carriage 204. Additionally, any of the tension members 220 can also have a grasping flange 225 configured to aid the user in grasping an end portion of the tension member 220.

Additional embodiments of attachment members are illustrated in FIGS. 23 and 24. With reference to FIG. 24, the attachment member 228 can have an annular recess 229 formed therein, the recess being configured to engage with an open-ended slot or other suitably shaped flange member supported on an end portion of the carriage so that the attachment member 228 can be axially attached to the frame. The attachment member 230 illustrated in FIG. 24 can have a spherically shaped end portion that can be configured to be inserted into an open-ended slot or other similarly or suitably shaped flange supported by an end portion of the frame member so that the attachment member 230 can be axially attached to the frame. Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the tension members can be supported by the frame and be attachable to the carriage.

Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the locking member 240 can be supported by either the frame or the carriage and can be configured to selectively secure the carriage 204 in any desired position along the travel path of the carriage relative to the frame. For example, the carriage 204 can be locked with the locking member 240 in a middle position, for example but without limitation approximately midway between the first end 200 a and the second end 200 b of the device 200. When secured in this position, or any adjacent position, a user can easily access the tension members 220 that can extend from both sides of the carriage 204 or from both ends of the device to the carriage and affix the ends of such tension members to provide resistance in both directions for the carriage 204. When a user is ready to use the apparatus, the user can remove or disengage the locking member 240 such that the carriage can freely slide along the length of the frame.

As shown in FIG. 25, some embodiments of the locking member 240 can have a pin member 242 that can be translated in either direction indicated by arrow A1 in FIG. 25 to selectively engage an opening or slot in a bracket or tab 244 attached to the carriage 204. The pin member 242 can be secured to the frame member 208. In use, when the pin member 242 is engaged with the opening in the bracket 244, the carriage 204 will be prevented from moving relative to the frame 208. By withdrawing the pin member 244 in the direction indicated by arrow A2 shown in FIG. 25, the pin member 242 can be disengaged from the bracket 244 so that the carriage 204 can freely move relative to the frame. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the pin can be vertically mounted on an underside of the frame member, can be supported on the carriage itself in a more convenient location for the user, or in any other suitable location. Additionally, the locking member 240 can be configured to lock the carriage at a plurality of different locations along the length of the frame member. This can be achieved by for example, positioning a plurality of openings in the bracket 244 so that a user can insert the pin in any desired opening in the bracket member so as to secure the carriage in any desired position along the length of the apparatus. For example, some openings can be positioned such that the carriage can be locked adjacent to a platform at the first end 200 a of the apparatus, alternatively at a midpoint of the apparatus, or adjacent to a second platform at the second end 200 b of the apparatus. Additionally or alternatively, the locking member can comprise a plurality of detents that bias the carriage in any number of desired positions when the locking member is engaged.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the carriage 204 can have a padded top surface and can support one or more pair of shoulder pads 250, and can have any of the features or components of any other carriage embodiment disclosed herein. The shoulder pads can be removably supported by openings or receptacles 252 in the carriage. The receptacles can have a small size and be configured to not affect the use of the carriage when the shoulder pad is not inserted in the opening 252. A cover, plug, flap of material, or other covering can be used to cover any openings or recesses not being used.

In any embodiments, the apparatus can be configured such that a user can remove the shoulder pads 250 and position them in any of the openings 252 formed in the carriage, depending on which direction the user is lying in on the carriage or depending on whether the user prefers to remove the shoulder pads to have an unobstructed surface on top of the carriage. Therefore, in some arrangements, the user can remove the shoulder pads completely so that there are no shoulder pads supported by the carriage.

With reference to FIGS. 26A and 26B, any embodiments of the shoulder pads disclosed herein can have a padded portion 251, a post 254, and one or more alignment elements 256. The post 254 and alignment elements 256 can be used to support the shoulder pads 250 in the desired opening 252 and permit a user to support the shoulder pads 250 in any rotational orientation desired relative to the carriage 204. For example, a user can remove a shoulder pad 250, rotate the shoulder pad 250 by 90°, and support the shoulder pad 250 in the rotated orientation by the carriage 204. Alternatively, multiple recesses or openings can be positioned adjacent to one another to permit a user to select which recess or opening to use to adjust the width of the spacing between the shoulder pads. For example, an array of two to three or four or more small recesses or openings can be arranged in a linear array, any one of which can be used to support the shoulder pads. In any embodiments, two or more openings can be used to support each of the shoulder pads. Additionally, a slideable slot could be used to position the shoulder pads in the desired width or position. Additionally, though not required, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the opening can be configured such that a pad can be inserted in one orientation, and rotated to secure the shoulder pad so that the shoulder pad cannot be removed without first rotating the shoulder pad to the initial rotational orientation before removing the shoulder pad, such as like with a key inserted into a lock. Though not required, in some embodiments, the pad must be rotated to the initial rotational orientation before it can be removed from the opening.

Each shoulder pad can be configured such that a width of the shoulder pad in one direction can be greater than a width of the shoulder pad in a transverse direction. For example, with reference to FIG. 26B, a first width W1 of the shoulder pad can be greater than a second width W2 of the shoulder pad by approximately 30%, or by approximately 20% or less to approximately 50% or more. In this arrangement, the user can narrow the spacing between the shoulder pads on the carriage by positioning the shoulder pads 250 in the openings in the orientation in which the greater width is transverse to the direction of travel of the carriage 204. Similarly, the user can increase the spacing between the shoulder pads 250 on the carriage 204 by positioning the shoulder pads in the openings in the orientation in which the greater width is parallel to the direction of travel of the carriage 204. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the shoulder pads 250 can have locking members or biasing members that selectively lock or bias the shoulder pads 250 in the desired inserted position.

With reference to FIG. 27, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the apparatus 200 can have a storage compartment 258 supported by the frame member 208. The storage compartment 258 can be configured to be positioned within the frame so that the carriage can travel above the storage compartment or compartments, such that the storage compartment does not obstruct the movement of the carriage from one end to the other of the frame or obstruct the user's ability to attach the tensioning members to either end of the frame. One or more storage compartments can be positioned on the apparatus. For example, a first storage compartment can be positioned at a first end portion of the frame while a second storage compartment can be positioned at a send end portion of the frame.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the storage compartment can be configured to have dumbbell supports 260 having slots 261 therein configured to support a plurality of dumbbells 262 in the storage compartment. Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, a storage compartment can be positioned at both ends of the frame and can extend under the front or aft platforms or may be located under both the front and the aft platforms. The storage compartment can be configured to store multiple different objects or devices, such as without limitation, dumbbells, water bottles, towels, other Pilates related equipment such as the Magic Circle, or any other desired objects such as cell phones, wallets, etc. Additionally, the storage compartment can have multiple levels or tiers for storage of the different objects or devices and/or can extend all the way down to the ground surface.

With reference to FIGS. 27A and 27B, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the apparatus 200 can have one or more straps 170 that can have an end portion attachable to the carriage member. The strap or straps can extend through an opening 266 positioned at either or both of the end portions of the apparatus. The straps can be configured such that, for example and without limitation, a user can exercise the muscles of his or her lower body using the strap 190 by pulling the strap away from the carriage, causing the carriage to move against the force or bias exerted on the carriage by the tension members.

FIG. 28 illustrates an embodiment of a bar assembly 270 that can be used with any of the embodiments of the exercise apparatus disclosed herein. The bar assembly 270 can have a first bar assembly 270 a and a second bar assembly 270 b, each positioned adjacent to either side of the frame 208. Each bar assembly 270 a, 270 b can have a first vertical bar member 272, second bar member 274, and a handgrip member 276. A rotatable joint 278 can be positioned between the first bar member 272 and the second bar member 274. The rotatable joint 278 can permit the second bar member to be selectively and lockably positioned in a plurality of different positions, including a horizontal position as shown in solid lines, and a vertical position shown in dashed lines. In some embodiments, the joint 278 can permit the second bar member to rotate within a 180° range. Additionally, the rotatable joint can be configured to permit the second bar member 274 to be lockably positioned in any desired angular orientation relative to the first bar member 272. For example, without limitation, the second bar member 274 of the first and the second bar assemblies can be lockably positioned in mutually opposing directions, facing away from a center plane of the apparatus. Insert pins, bolts, or other suitable mechanisms or fasteners can be used to secure the joints in the desired locations.

In some embodiments, the rotatable joint 278 can be configured such that when the joint is in the desired rotational or angular orientation, a user can lock or bias the joint to remain in position so that the bar members remain in the desired orientation and do not inadvertently move or rotate during use of the apparatus. For example, in some embodiments, the joint 278 can have detents, channels, openings, slots, engagement pins, teeth, screws, clamps, and/or other locking or fastening elements configured to selectively lock the joint in the desired angular orientation.

As mentioned, the second bar member 274 can be lockably positioned in a vertical orientation. In this configuration, the handle member 274 will be positioned at a height above the carriage 204 defined in part by a length of the first member 272 and the second member 274. In this configuration, the handle members can each be rotatably positioned at any desired orientation relative to the second bar member 274 by rotating the handle member about axis A3 illustrated in FIG. 28. In any embodiments, for example, the handle member 276 can be rotationally positioned in any of the plurality of desired angular orientations about axis A3. For example, the handle member 276 can be configured to be lockable in a plurality of angular positions each separated by approximately 90°, as shown, or approximately 45° or less. Detents, channels, openings, slots, engagement pins, teeth, screws, clamps, and/or other locking or fastening elements can be used to selectively secure the handle member 276 in the desired angular orientation relative to the second bar member 274. The bar assembly 270 can be positioned at either or both ends of the apparatus 200.

Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the first and/or second bar member 272, 274 can be configured to be telescopically adjustable, so that a user can adjust a vertical height or position of the joint member 278, and/or the handle member 276, relative to a carriage, seat, or platform surface. Further, any of the bar members can be comprised of round tubular shaped members, rectangular tubular shaped members, or any other desired shaped members. In this configuration, the bar assembly 270 can be used as a foot bar, ballet bar, handle bar for seated exercises, or any other desired use. Permitting the user to adjust the angular orientation and/or height of the handle members facilitates the wide ranging applications of the bar assembly. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the bar assembly 270 can have split handles or a continuous handle extending across the bar assembly.

FIGS. 29A and 29B illustrate another embodiment of a bar assembly 280 that can be positioned at either or both ends of the apparatus 200 and that can be used with any of the embodiments of the exercise apparatus disclosed herein. The bar assembly 280, and any other bar assembly disclosed herein, can be used either as a footbar or as a handle bar member. Additionally, as with any other bar assembly disclosed herein, the bar assembly 280 can be configured to support one or more pulley members (such as a pair of pulley members) thereon. The bar assembly 280 can have a first bar assembly 280 a and a second bar assembly 280 b, each positioned adjacent to either side of the frame 208. Each bar assembly 280 a, 280 b can have a first vertical bar member 282, second bar member 284, and a handgrip or footbar member 286.

A rotatable joint 288 can be positioned between the first bar member 282 and the second bar member 284. The rotatable joint 288 can permit the second bar member to be selectively and lockably positioned in a plurality of different positions, including a vertical position as shown in solid lines, and any of the other angular orientations or position shown in dashed lines. The rotatable joint 288 can, in some embodiments and without limitation, permit the second bar member 284 to be lockably or non-lockably positioned in any desired angular orientation with and an approximately 270° range.

Additionally, the rotatable joint can be configured to permit the second bar member 284 to be lockably positioned in any desired angular orientation relative to the first bar member 282. For example, without limitation, the second bar member 284 of the first and the second bar assemblies can be lockably positioned in opposite directions, one direction facing toward the first end 200 a of the apparatus 200 and a second direction facing away from the first end 200 of the apparatus 200.

In some embodiments, the rotatable joint 288 can be configured such that when the joint is in the desired rotational or angular orientation, a user can lock or bias the joint to remain in that position so that the bar members remain in the desired orientation and do not inadvertently move or rotate during use of the apparatus. For example, in some embodiments, the joint 288 can have detents, slots, channels, openings, engagement pins, teeth, screws, clamps, and/or other locking or fastening elements configured to selectively lock the joint in the desired angular orientation.

As mentioned, the second bar member 284 can be lockably positioned in a vertical orientation. In this configuration, the handle member 284 can be positioned at a height above the carriage 204 defined in part by a length of the first member 282 and the second member 284. In this configuration, the handle members can each be rotatably positioned at any desired orientation relative to the second bar member 284 by rotating the handle member about axis A4 illustrated in FIG. 29. In any embodiments, for example, the handle member 286 can be rotationally positioned in any of the plurality of desired angular orientations about axis A4. For example, the handle member 286 can be configured to be lockable in a plurality of angular positions each separated by approximately 90°, or approximately 45°, or less. Detents, channels, openings, engagement pins, teeth, screws, clamps, and/or other locking or fastening elements can be used to selectively secure the handle member 286 in the desired angular orientation relative to the second bar member 284. In the illustrated embodiment, an insert pin 290 can be used to removably lock the handle member in any of a plurality of desired vertical positions and rotational positions relative to the second bar member 284. The bar assembly 280 can be positioned at either or both ends of the apparatus 200.

As mentioned, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the first and/or second bar member 282, 284 can be configured to be telescopically adjustable, so that a user can adjust a vertical height or position of the joint member 288, and/or the handle member 286, relative to a carriage, seat, or platform surface. Further, any of the bar members can be comprised of round tubular shaped members, rectangular tubular shaped members, or any other desired shaped members. In this configuration, the bar assembly 280 can be used as a foot bar, ballet bar, handle bar for seated exercises, or any other desired use. Permitting the user to adjust the angular orientation and/or height of the handle members facilitates the wide ranging applications of the bar assembly. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the bar assembly 280 can have split handles or a continuous handle extending across the bar assembly.

With reference to FIG. 30, any of the bar assemblies disclosed herein can be configured to have a vertically adjustable height. For example, with reference to FIG. 30, the bar assembly can be configured to have a first bar member 302 and a second bar member 304 on each side of the bar assembly 300. A support bar 306, which can be used as a ballet bar, a foot bar, or otherwise, can extend between the two sides of the bar assembly. Additionally, the bar assembly 300 can have a lockable joint 308 between the first bar member 302 and the second bar member 304. In this arrangement, a user can rotate the second bar member and support bar 306 about an axis A5 through the joint member 308 between a first position 300 a shown in solid lines and a second position 300 b shown in dashed lines, or any position therebetween. The slot member 308 can have detents, slots, channels, openings, engagement pins, teeth, screws, clamps, and/or other locking or fastening elements configured to selectively lock the joint in the desired angular orientation.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, such as and without limitation the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 31, the pulley member used for the rope/cable system for the exercise apparatus can be supported on any portion of any of the bar assemblies disclosed herein. For example, as shown in FIG. 31, a first bar member 310 that is configured to support a second bar member 311 and/or handle member can also be used to support a pulley member 312 through which a rope or cable assembly 313 can be routed for use during operation of the exercise apparatus. Additionally, any of the details or components of the rope or pulley systems of any of the devices conventionally available can be used with any of the exercise apparatus embodiments disclosed herein, in addition to or alternatively to any of the components or details of the embodiments disclosed herein. Any embodiments disclosed herein can have a first set of pulleys and handles, and a second set of pulleys and handles.

Some of the following embodiments are directed to a convertible chair members, wherein a height of a particular platform surface is converted from a first, platform height in which the top of the platform is approximately level with a top planar surface of the carriage to a second, chair height in which the top surface of the convertible chair member is positioned at a height suitable for performing seated exercises. Any of the embodiments of the chair members disclosed herein can be used with any of the other apparatuses, components, or other features of any of the embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, any of the convertible chair members disclosed herein can be used with any suitable pedal members, the pedals being configured to provide a resistance force when user exerts a downward force on the pedals towards a ground surface, thereby exercising one or more muscles in the user's body. In any embodiments, the pedals can be split pedals wherein the left pedal can be depressed independently of the right pedal. Alternatively, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the pedals can be a single pedal wherein the entire pedal member moves simultaneously.

For example, with reference to FIGS. 32A-32E, an embodiment of a convertible chair module 400 (also referred to herein as a convertible chair, convertible platform, or seat apparatus) that can be used with any of the reformer embodiments disclosed herein or available on the market is now described. One of the benefits of the seat apparatus 400 is not only that the seat apparatus can be easily removed from the exercise apparatus without the use of any tools or having to remove any fasteners when not being used and stored in a different location, but also that the convertible seat apparatus 400 can also be converted from a usable platform on a first end portion of the reformer apparatus to a reformer chair that can be used to perform seated exercises on the reformer apparatus without the use of any tools or any fasteners to convert the platform to the chair. For example, with reference to FIG. 32A, the convertible chair 402 can be supported by a frame member 404 having an opening 406 therein. When the convertible chair 402 is supported by the frame 404 and a first position, as illustrated in FIG. 32A, a platform surface 408 of the convertible chair will be in the upward, usable position. In this position, the convertible chair 402 is configured such that a level of the platform surface 408 will be substantially and approximately level with a top level or top surface of the movable carriage, such that the platform surface 408 can be used as an end platform for any of a variety of exercise movements using the end platform. In this position, the chair surface 410 of the convertible chair 402 extends through an opening 406 in the frame 404 and faces downward. A flange 412 extending around a perimeter of the convertible chair 402 can rest on a top surface of the frame 404 to prevent the convertible chair from simply following through the opening 406 in the frame 404.

Alternatively, when a user desires to perform seated or chair exercises (which is meant herein to include lying, standing, kneeling, or other exercises using the platform in an elevated position), a user can simply lift the convertible chair 402 from the frame member 404 and invert the chair member 402 such that the chair surface 410 is positioned in an upward direction. In this position, a user can sit on the chair surface 410 and can perform any of a variety of seated exercises on the device. One or more pedal members, having springs or other resilient members for resistance, can be positioned beneath or adjacent to the convertible chair 410 such that a user can exercise by forcing the pedal members toward the ground. In some embodiments, the convertible chair can have a recess formed in one side thereof, the recess being configured to permit the exercise pedals to retract within the recess such that a full range of motion of the pedals can be achieved.

FIGS. 33A-33C illustrate another embodiment of a convertible chair or convertible chair module 420 that can be used with any of the reformer embodiments disclosed herein or otherwise. As with the convertible seat apparatus 400, one benefit of the convertible chair module 420 is that the convertible chair module can be easily removed from the exercise apparatus, without the use of any tools, and that the convertible chair module can be converted from a usable platform on a first end portion of the reformer apparatus to a reformer chair that can be used to perform seated exercises on the reformer apparatus.

For example, with reference to FIG. 33A, the convertible chair module 420 can be positioned in a first position such that a first surface 421 of the chair module is positioned against a ground surface. When the convertible chair 420 is positioned in the first position, as illustrated in FIG. 33A, a platform surface 422 of the convertible chair will be in the upward, usable position. In this position, the convertible chair 420 is configured such that a level of the platform surface 422 will be substantially and approximately level with a top level or top surface of the movable carriage, such that the platform surface 428 can be used as an end platform for any of a variety of exercise movements using the end platform. In this position, the chair surface 424 of the convertible chair 422 will be facing away from the reformer apparatus. A hook or latch member 426 can be supported on a vertical frame surface, the flange 426 being configured to engage with any of a plurality of recesses 428 each having a complementary shape formed in the chair module. For example, a first recess 428 can be formed on an end surface 429 that can be configured to receive the hook or latch member 426 to secure the chair module to the frame of the apparatus when the platform surface is desired to be used.

Alternatively, when a user desires to perform seated or chair exercises, a user can simply lift the convertible chair module 420 and disengage the chair module from the latch member 426, and rotate the chair module by 90°, and then position the chair module 420 such that the platform surface 422 of the chair module is positioned adjacent to the frame member and such that the chair surface 424 is facing upward. To secure the chair module to the frame member, the user can engage the latch member 426 with the recess member 428 formed in the platform surface 422. In this position, a user can sit on the chair surface 424 and perform any of a variety of seated exercises on the device. One or more pedal members 429, having springs or other resilient members for resistance, can be supported within an internal space or recess formed in the module. In this position, a user can perform exercises by forcing the pedal members toward the ground.

In any convertible chair embodiments disclosed herein, one or more pedal members can be attached to the frame or other component of the apparatus, independent of the platform or convertible chair. For example and without limitation, the pedals that can be usable with the convertible chair 402 can be supported directly by the frame of the apparatus independent of the chair 402 or the convertible chair 420, thereby making the chair lighter weight and potentially easier to handle. Additionally, with any of the convertible chair embodiments disclosed herein, the pedals can be retractable such as with any of the pedal embodiments disclosed herein, and/or can have any other features of any of the other embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 34 illustrates another embodiment of a chair module 440 that can be removably attached to a reformer. As illustrated, the chair module 440 can have a sitting surface 442 supported by a frame member 443, one or more pedal members 444, and one or more (typically two or more) resilient members such as coil springs 446. The chair module 440 can be removably attachable to the frame member 446 of the reformer apparatus so that the chair member can be removed when not being used. For example, with reference to FIG. 34, the chair member can have a flange or latch member 448 that can be configured to engage with a recess or attachment mechanism 449 supported by the frame 446. When a user desires to use the chair module 440, the user can simply engage the latch member 448 with the attachment mechanism 449 supported by frame member of the exercise apparatus 448 and then begin using the chair apparatus.

Any of the foregoing removable chair module embodiments can be configured to be used with any suitable reformers on the market. For example, a kit can be prepared wherein the attachment mechanisms can be attached or retrofit to an existing reformer. Such attachment mechanisms can be used to engage the chair module such that the chair module can be used with any suitable existing reformers on the market during use. Additionally, in any of the foregoing chair module embodiments or in any of the chair embodiments disclosed herein, a resistance level of the pedals can be adjusted by repositioning an end portion of the resistance member, which can be a coil spring, at any of a variety of attachment points along a length of the pedal. For example, when an end portion of the resistance member is positioned closer to the axis of rotation of the pedal, the force required to deflect the pedal will be less than if the end of the spring member is positioned further away from the axis of rotation. Therefore, moving the end portion of the resistance member further away from the axis of rotation can increase the amount of force required by a user to deflect the pedal and, accordingly, increase the amount of work the muscle must perform during the exercise.

FIG. 35 illustrates another embodiment of a convertible chair apparatus 450 that is configured to be usable either as a platform on an end of the reformer or as a chair member for seated exercises. The chair apparatus 450 can have a platform 452, one or more linkage members 454 configured such that an end portion of the linkage members can slide along a channel or slot 455, and one or more locking supports 456 configured to secure the platform 452 in the raised, second position when desired. The platform 452 of the convertible chair apparatus 450 is configured to move from a first, lowered position, indicated by 452 a to a second, raised position, indicated by 452 b in FIG. 35. In the first, lower position, a top surface of the platform 452 is configured to be approximately level with a top surface of the carriage 458. When the platform 452 is in a second, raised position, as indicated by 452 b, the platform 452 can be at a height that will permit a user to perform exercises from a seated position. In some embodiments, only one linkage member 454 (such as the first linkage member 454 a) can be used on each side of the platform 452, in addition to at least one locking mechanism 456, to support the platform. The locking mechanism can be configured such that, when the platform 452 is in the desired height, a user can overextend the midspan joint of the locking member 456, slide a securing sleeve over the midspan joint, or otherwise to selectively lock the platform 452 in the raised position. Any of the linkage members or locking member can have rotatable pins or joints at the ends thereof to permit the linkage members or locking members to rotate at an end portion thereof. In any embodiments herein, including the chair apparatus 450, the platform can be configured to move up and down on one or more guides or rails that can be supported by the apparatus, such as by the frame.

In some embodiments, a pin 457 positioned at an end portion of the second linkage member 454 b can slide within the slot 455 in the direction defined by arrow A6 in FIG. 35. In this configuration, when the platform 452 is raised, the pin 457 will translate from a first end of the slot 455 in the direction A6 toward the first linkage member. The chair apparatus 450 can be configured such that, when the pin 457 is moved away from the first end portion 455 a of the slot to the second end portion 455 b of the slot, such that an angle A between the second linkage member 454 b and a centerline of the slot is less than 90°, the second linkage member will be biased toward the second end 455 b of the slot so as to selectively lock the seat member in the second, upper position. Alternatively, as mentioned, the locking member 456 can be used to secure the seat in the second, raised position.

One or more pedal members, each having one or more resistance members attached or attachable thereto, can be supported by the frame 456 of the exercise apparatus so that the user can perform exercises by deflecting the pedal members toward the ground surface. Additionally, in some embodiments, the chair apparatus 450 can have one or more springs (which can be gas springs, elastomeric springs, wire springs, or other suitable spring mechanisms) used to make the seat easier to move from the lowered to the raised position. For example, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the chair apparatus can be configured such that a latch mechanism is used to hold or secure the platform 452 in the lowered position such that, when the latch mechanism is disengaged, the gas spring will exert a force on the platform of sufficient magnitude to move the platform from the lowered position to the raised position, but sufficiently compressible such that a user can move the platform from the raised position to the lowered position by exerting a downward force on the platform.

FIGS. 36A-36C illustrate another embodiment of a convertible chair apparatus 470 that can be used with any of the exercise apparatuses disclosed herein or otherwise. The convertible chair apparatus 470 is configured to be usable either as a platform on an end of the reformer or as a chair member for seated exercises. The chair apparatus 470 can have a platform 472, one or more support flanges or support members 474 supported by the platform 472 (the illustrated embodiment having a pair of support flanges 474, one on either side of the platform), and one or more bracket supports 476 configured to support the support flanges of the platform 472 either the first, platform position or the second, raised position. The first position is indicated by 472 a, while the second position is indicated by 472 b.

Thus, in this configuration, the platform 472 of the convertible chair apparatus 470 is configured to move from a first, lowered position, indicated by 472 a to a second, raised position, indicated by 472 b in FIG. 36A. In the first, lower position, a top surface of the platform 472 is configured to be approximately level with a top surface of the carriage 478. When the platform 472 is in a second, raised position, as indicated by 472 b, the platform 472 can be at a height that will permit a user to perform exercises from a seated position. In some embodiments, the chair apparatus 470 is configured such that the platform 472 is supported in a cantilever disposition by the bracket members 476 attached to or integrally formed with the frame member 479 of the apparatus.

To move the platform 472 from the first, lowered position to the second, raised position, the platform 472 can be moved so as to translate or slide relative to the support flanges 474 out of engagement with the recess 477 formed in the first bracket members 476 a. The platform 472 can then be positioned relative to the bracket members 476 so that the support flanges 474 slide into engagement with the recess 477 formed in the second bracket members 476 b. Once in this position, the platform 472 and the support flanges 474 can be configured to be robust enough and stiff enough to support the platform 472 in a cantilever disposition relative to the frame members 479. Additionally, two, three, or more sets of bracket members can be positioned on the frame members to permit a user to position the platform at any of a plurality of different raised positions (two, three, or more) above the first position so that a user can adjust a height of the seat to a desired level according to his or her preferences.

Although not required, additional strength and support can be achieved by the use of one or more buttress members 480 (also referred to herein as support members or support flanges). The one or more buttress members 480 can be positioned on the platform 472 and sized in such a way that the buttress members 480 will abut the frame member is 479 when the platform 472 is supported by the bracket members 476. This will provide an additional point of contact and force between the platform 472 and the frame members 479. As with any of the seat embodiments, the seat can have a padded upper surface that is comfortable for a user in a seated position. Additionally, when in the seated position, a user can rotate the one or more handle members 481 so that the user can grasp the handle members 481 when using the platform 472 for seated, or even standing, exercises.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the chair apparatus 470 can have one or more springs (which can be gas springs, elastomeric springs, wire springs, or otherwise) configured to exert an upward force on the platform to make the platform easier to move from the lowered to the raised position. Further, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the chair apparatus can be configured such that support flanges 474 (which can be pins, latches, flanges, or other suitable engagement mechanisms) can be advanced into or withdrawn out of the recesses 477 formed in the support brackets 476 without rotating the entire platform 472. In this arrangement, the platform can be configured to translate vertically along a track between the first, lowered position and any of a variety of raised positions, depending on the height of the bracket members. Two, three, or more pair of bracket members can be positioned above the first position to enable the user to position the platform at any of the plurality of positions.

The support flanges 474 can be used to hold or secure the platform 472 in the desired position such that, when the one or more support flanges 474 are engaged with the bracket members 476, the support flanges 474 will hold the platform 472 in the desired position despite the force of the gas spring. The gas spring can be configured to exert a force on the platform of sufficient magnitude to move the platform from the lowered position to the raised position, but be sufficiently compressible such that a user can move the platform from the raised position to the lowered position by exerting a downward force on the platform.

As with any of the other chair embodiments disclosed herein, one or more pedal members 482, each having one or more resistance members attached or attachable thereto, can be supported by the frame 476 of the exercise apparatus so that the user can perform exercises by deflecting the pedal members toward the ground surface. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the one or more pedal members 482 can be supported by the platform 472 so that they are removable along with the platform 472. Additionally, in any embodiments, the pedals 42 can be supported directly by the frame 479 of the exercise apparatus and be telescoping or otherwise retractable so as to occupy less space when not being used. For example, in some embodiments, the pedal members can have telescoping members configured to extend when the user desires to use the chair apparatus for seated exercises. Additionally, in some embodiments, the pedal members can be configured to automatically extend or deploy when desired to be used. In some embodiments, the telescoping members of the pedal members can be configured to have a friction lock that resists the retraction or collapse of the telescoping members when a user exerts a downward force on an end portion of the pedal members (i.e., while performing exercises), but which can translate relative to one another so that a user can extend or collapse the telescoping members when the user desires to either deploy or stow, respectively, the pedal members.

In some embodiments, the pedal members can have one or more springs therein, which can be gas springs, elastomeric springs, wire springs, or otherwise, configured to bias the pedals to an extended position. In this arrangement, the pedals can be biased toward the extended, usable position such that, when the pedals are not restrained, they will automatically extend to the usable length. For example and without limitation, with reference to FIG. 36A, the platform 472 can be configured to have a tab or flange 484 on an end portion thereof configured to restrain the length of the pedal members in a contracted position when the flange 484 engages an end portion of the pedal members 482. When the platform is raised, the flange will release the pedal members 484 and permit the pedal members to automatically extend to the usable position.

FIGS. 37A and 37B illustrate another embodiment of a convertible chair apparatus that can be used with any of the exercises apparatus embodiments disclosed herein. As shown in FIG. 37A, when the platform 492 is in the first, lowered position 492 a, an upper surface of the platform 492 will be approximately level with an upper surface of the carriage 491. In this position, the one or more pedal members 494 can be positioned in a stowed or retracted position 494 a generally underneath the platform 492. The one or more pedal members 494 can have a first pedal member 496, a second pedal member 498 rotatably attached to an end portion of the first pedal member 496 using a rotatable joint 499, and a pedal surface 500 that can be positioned at an end portion of the second pedal member 498. Though not required, the pedal surface 500 can be rotated within a predefined range of rotation relative to the second end portion of the second pedal member 498 for user comfort and ergonomics. Springs or other suitable devices can be used to automatically rotate the second pedal member 498 relative to the first pedal member 496 about the joint 499 when the pedals are desired to be deployed, such as, for example and without limitation, when the platform 492 is raised from a first position to a second or third raised position above the carriage height, causing the pedals to extend outward toward the extended position represented by 494 b as shown in FIG. 37B. In any embodiments disclosed herein, such as with the embodiment described above having the platform 492, the platform can be supported by one or more guides, rails, channels, sliders, or other similar devices or features along which the platform can translate. This can facilitate the ability to change the height of the platform. One or more springs, such as gas springs, mechanical springs, or otherwise, can be used to facilitate the lifting of the platform to any of the desired heights along the rails or otherwise.

When the user desires to stow the pedal members 496, the user can rotate the second pedal member about the rotatable joint 499 in a direction that will cause the pedal surface 500 to rotate closer to the frame member 493. At that point, the user can use a strap, a latch, one or more insert pins, or other suitable securing mechanism to restrain the second pedal member 498 in the desired, stowed position. Alternatively, the second pedal member 498 can be restrained in the desired, stowed position by lowering the platform 492 to contact the second pedal member 498 and prevent the second pedal member 498 from rotating to the extended position. Additionally, as with any of the other embodiments disclosed herein, one or more spring members can be attached to the pedal members to exert a resistance force on the pedal members when the users exert a downward force on the pedal members.

FIGS. 38A and 38B illustrate another embodiment of a convertible chair apparatus that can also be used with any of the exercises apparatus embodiments disclosed herein. As shown in FIG. 38A, when the platform 512 is in the first, lowered position 512 a, an upper surface of the platform 512 will be approximately level with an upper surface of the carriage 511. In this position, the one or more pedal members 514 can be positioned in a stowed or retracted position 514 a generally underneath the platform 512. The one or more pedal members 514 can have a first pedal member 516, a second pedal member 518 telescopically extendable from an end portion of the first pedal member 516.

In any embodiments, the pedal surface 510 can be rotated within a predefined range of rotation relative to the second end portion of the second pedal member 518 for user comfort and ergonomics. Springs such as gas springs, resilient members, mechanical springs, or other suitable devices can be used to automatically extend the second pedal member 498 away from and out of the inside of the first pedal member 496 when the pedals are desired to be deployed, such as, for example and without limitation, when the platform 512 is raised from a first position to a second or third raised position above the carriage height. This can cause the pedals to extend outward toward the extended position represented by 514 b as shown in FIG. 38B. In any embodiments, a pin member or other securing device 519 can engage any of a plurality of openings 520 formed in the second pedal member to secure the second pedal member 518 in any of the number of desired lengths depending on the user's preferences.

When the user desires to stow the pedal members 516, the user can retract or collapse the second pedal member within the first pedal member and use a strap, the pin member 519, or other device to restrain the second pedal member within the first pedal member. Alternatively, the second pedal member 518 can be restrained in the desired, stowed position by lowering the platform 512 to contact the second pedal member 518 and prevent the second pedal member 518 from rotating to the extended position. For example, in some embodiments, a flange member 522 extending from an end portion of the platform 512 can be used to axially restrain the second pedal member 518 such that, when the platform 512 is in the lowered position, the platform and/or flange member 522 will restrain the pedal member 514 in the stowed state. Similarly, when the platform 512 is in a raised position above the pedal member or members, the pedal member or members 514 will be permitted to extend automatically to the usable position. Additionally, as with any of the other embodiments disclosed herein, one or more spring members can be attached to the pedal members to exert a resistance force on the pedal members when the users exert a downward force on the pedal members.

With reference to FIG. 39, any of the pedal 530 embodiments disclosed herein can be configured to have an adjustable dial 532 that can be used to adjust or set the initial rotational position of the pedal member 530. For example, in some embodiments, an adjustable dial 532 can be configured rotate about an axis A7 to adjust the initial rotational position of the pedal member 530. In this arrangement, a pin 534 can be rotated to be in contact with a pedal member. The initial position of the pedal will depend on the position of the pin relative to the center axis A7. For example, if the pin is in the position indicated by 534, the pedal will be positioned in a lower starting position 530 a, as shown in dashed lines, than if the pin rotated about the axis A7 to be in the position indicated by 536.

FIGS. 40-44 illustrate another embodiment of a reformer apparatus 620 having a first end 620 a and a second end 620 b, a frame 622, and a movable carriage 624 supported by a pair of horizontal frame members 628 of the frame 622. The apparatus 620 can have any of the features, components, or other details of any of the embodiments of the apparatus, convertible chair, or otherwise disclosed herein. The carriage 624 can translate relative to the frame 622 between at least the first end 620 a and the second end 620 b of the apparatus. The carriage 624 can roll, slide, or otherwise move relative to the frame. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the frame can be formed from wood, metal, fiberglass, plastic, or any combination of the foregoing. The horizontal frame members 628 can extend between a first vertical frame member or members 630 positioned at the first end 620 a of the apparatus 620 and a second vertical frame member or members 632 positioned at the second end 620 b of the apparatus 620.

As with any other embodiments disclosed herein, the carriage 624 can support one or more tension members 660. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the tension members 660 can comprise metal springs, elastomeric springs, resilient elastomeric straps, or other spring-like or axially resilient elements. For example and without limitation, a first set of tension members 654 can be positioned at a first end 624 a of the carriage 624 and a second set of tension members 660 can be positioned at a second end 624 b of the carriage 624. Alternatively, a single set of tension members can be extendable from both sides of the carriage to permit a resistance force to be applied in both directions from the carriage.

Any embodiments of the apparatus 620 can have a convertible chair assembly 670 positioned at the first end 620 a of the apparatus 620. The embodiment of the convertible chair 670 of the apparatus 620 can have any of the same features, components, details or other configurations of any of the other convertible chair embodiments disclosed herein, in combination with or in the alternative to any of the features components, details or other configurations described herein with respect to apparatus 620. The convertible chair can be configured to convert from a platform, wherein the platform is level with the carriage, to a chair member used to perform seated exercises. In some embodiments, the chair assembly 670 can be attachable to the frame 622 of the apparatus. In particular, though not required, the chair assembly 670 can be attached to the support legs 680 of the frame, and can be moveable up and down relative to the support legs 680 so as to convert from the first, platform position (as shown in FIG. 45A) to the second, chair position (as shown in FIG. 45B). Please note that the springs have been omitted from FIG. 45A for clarity, but can remain attached to the bracket member and the pedals, even when the pedals are in the retracted state shown in FIG. 45A. In any embodiments disclosed herein, the pedals can be configured to come out or extend outwardly when the platform is moved upwardly, and to move back or to a retraced state when the platform is moved down.

In any embodiments disclosed herein, the convertible chair 670 can have a platform 684, a frame 686 attached to the platform 684, a pair of independently deflectable pedal members 690, and a resistance element 692 configured to exert a resistance force on each of the pedal members. The resistance elements 692 can be supported on one end by a bracket member 693 secured to the frame 686 of the convertible chair apparatus 670. In some embodiments, the pedal members 690 can be supported by a support member 694 that can be attached directly to the platform 684 or the frame 686 so as to be automatically deployable when the platform 684 is moved from the first, platform position to the second, chair position. However, in some embodiments, the support member 694 or the pedal members 690 can be attached directly to the frame of the apparatus so that the movement or position of the pedal members is not affected by the movement or position of the platform.

The platform 684 and frame 686 that the platform is attached to can translate relative to the support legs 680 of the frame of the apparatus and can be selectively locked in the desired position relative to the support legs 680. For example, in some embodiments, fasteners such as bolts, hand or thumb bolts, quick release levers, or any other suitable fasteners preferably operable without the use of tools can be used to secure the frame 686 to the support legs 680, the fasteners being tightenable relative to the support legs 680 once the support legs 680 are in the desired position so that the platform 684 does not inadvertently move when a user exerts a force on the platform 684. Additionally, in some embodiments, engagement mechanisms such as spring loaded pins or other similar locking mechanisms preferably operable without the use of tools can be used to secure the frame 686 to the support legs 680 at any of a variety of vertical positions relative to the support legs 680 so that the platform 684 does not inadvertently move when a user exerts a force on the platform 684. One or more springs (which can be gas springs, elastomeric springs, wire springs, or other suitable spring mechanisms) can be used to bias the platform 684 toward the second, chair position to make it easier for a user to move the platform from the first, platform position to the second, chair position.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the chair assembly 670 can have a plurality of engagement features, which can be protrusions, tabs, teeth, splines or a splined surface, or other similar features, positioned along one or more engaging surfaces between the frame member 686 and the support legs 686 so as to selectively secure the frame and platform 684 at any of a variety of vertical positions relative to the support members 680. A release mechanism such as a lever may be used to disengage the one or more engagement features so that the user can adjust the height of the platform. For example, a lever positioned under a front surface of the platform can be used to engage and disengage a first engagement element attached or supported by the platform 684 and/or frame member 686 relative to a second engagement element attached to or supported by the frame of the apparatus 620. In this configuration, the platform can be converted from an end platform to a chair by disengaging the first engagement element from the second engagement element and moving the platform to the second, raised position or any of a plurality of raised positions. Again, springs can be used to facilitate the movement of the platform from the first to the second position. Once in the desired position, the disengagement mechanism can be released, causing the first engagement element to securely engage the second engagement element. The first engagement element can have one or more protrusions, splines, or teeth configured to interlock with any of a plurality of engagement features of the second engagement element, which can comprise a plurality protrusions, spines, or teeth along a surface of the second engagement element.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the first engagement element can be configured to securely disengage from the second engagement element without the use of a release level or any other release mechanism. For example, with the platform in the desired position, a user can exert a downward force on the chair by sitting, kneeling, or otherwise, the downward force causing the first engagement element to securely engage the second engagement element to prevent the platform from inadvertently moving downward. This can be achieved, in some embodiments, by configuring the frame 686 to rotate relative slightly relative to the support members 680 when a downward force is applied to the platform, such rotation causing the engagement of the first engagement mechanism with the second engagement mechanism.

Additionally, in any embodiments disclosed herein, the one or more pedal members can be configured to automatically deploy to a usable position when the platform is converted to a chair. With reference to FIGS. 45A and 45B, the support member 694 can be supported by the platform using a bracket member 698 having a shaft 700 therethrough that permits a first end of the support member 694 (the first end of the support member being positioned closer to the platform 684) to rotate relative to the platform. Similarly, a second end portion of the support member 694 (the second end portion of the support member being positioned adjacent to the pedal members) can also support a shaft 706 that can support the pedal members and permit the pedal members to rotate about the shaft 706.

In this configuration, when the platform is in the first, platform position (as illustrated in FIG. 45A) the pedals can be configured to retract inward under the frame of the apparatus. Thereafter, when a user desires to convert the platform to a chair apparatus, the user can move the platform from the first position to the second position (shown in FIG. 45B) as described above, which can cause the pedal members to automatically deploy to the usable position. In particular, with reference to FIG. 45A, as the platform 684 is being raised, the support member 694 will be caused to rotate from the angled or stowed position shown in FIG. 45A to a more vertical or upright position as the bracket member 698 is moved upward with the platform 684. As the support member 694 rotates to a more vertical orientation, the second end of the support member 694 will automatically move outward away from the frame and support members 680 of the apparatus, in the direction defined by arrow A8 in FIG. 45A. This will cause the pedals to move outward in the direction defined by arrow A8 in FIG. 45A from the first, stowed position shown in FIG. 45A to the second, deployed position shown in FIG. 45B. When a user desires to stow the pedals in the first position, the user merely pushes the platform downward to the first, platform position.

Alternatively, with reference to FIGS. 46A and 46B, the pedal members 790 can be supported by a shaft member 796 that is supported directly by the support members 680 of the frame of the apparatus. In this configuration, the pedals can rotate about a shaft 796, and the shaft remains in a fixed position relative to the support legs 680 of the frame regardless of the position of the platform 784. When the platform is in the first, platform position (as shown in FIG. 46A), the spring members 792 will bias the pedal members to a first, stowed position. Additionally, a latch, tab, lever, snap, bracket, or other attachment mechanism can be used to hold the pedal members 790 in the first, stowed position. When the user converts the platform from the first position to the second, chair position (as shown in FIG. 46B), the pedals will then be positioned in a usable position such that a user seated on the chair 784 can operate the pedals to exercise his or her muscles.

FIG. 47 illustrates some of the plurality of lockable or securable positions of the handle members 800. For example, as shown, each of the two handle member assemblies 800 are independently positionable in any of a variety of vertical positions and rotational positions. For example, the handle members can be extended to any of a plurality of vertical positions by moving the handle members 800 either up or down along the arrow A9 shown in FIG. 47. The handle members 800 can be secured in any of the vertical positions by engaging the locking element 802 relative to a shaft member 804 of the handle member assembly 800. For example and without limitation, the locking element can comprise an engagement pin 803 supported within a support member 812, the engagement pin being configured to extend into any of a plurality of openings 805 formed in the shaft member 804 to secure the shaft member in the desired position. Additionally or alternatively, the locking element can tighten against the shaft member 804 to secure or additionally secure the shaft member in the desired extended position.

In some embodiments, the handle member assemblies can be rotationally adjustable about a centerline axis of the shaft member 804 by rotating the handle portion 806 in either direction about the centerline axis of the shaft member 804, as represented by arrow A10. The handle portion 806 can be secured in any of the desired rotational positions such that the handle portion 806 can be positioned in any of a large number of extended and rotational positions relative to the convertible chair assembly. As shown, the handle portion 806 can be positioned in 90° increments about the centerline axis of the shaft member 804. However, the design is not so limited. In some embodiments, the handle member assembly 800 can be configured such that the handle portion 806 can be positioned in any of a number of incremental positions about the centerline axis of the shaft member, including being positioned in 45° increments, 22.5° increments, or continuously at any rotational position about the centerline axis of the shaft member. In some embodiments, the openings 805 formed in the shaft member 804 can be at 90° increments relative to one another about the circumference of the shaft member, as shown in FIG. 48, or can be a 45° increments about the circumference of the shaft member, or otherwise. The openings can be aligned vertically, or can be staggered vertically to permit the openings to be positioned at smaller incremental angles.

In some embodiments, the handle member assembly 800 can also have an indexing bracket or member 816 having an opening 820 therein that can be secured to the bottom of the support legs 680 so as to prevent the rotation of the indexing bracket. For example, the indexing bracket 816 can be secured to a bolt plate 824 so that the indexing bracket 816 is prevented from rotating relative to the bolt plate. The bolt plate 824 can be fixed to the support member 680 of the frame so that the bolt plate 824 and the indexing bracket 816 are prevented from rotating relative to the support member 680 of the frame.

The bracket 816 can be used to align or index the end of the shaft member 804 at any of a variety of desired rotational positions. For example, as illustrated, the shaft member can have an end portion 822 defining a shape that is complementary to the shape of the opening 820. For example, and without limitation, the end portion 822 and the opening 820 can have a square shape such that, when the end portion 822 of the shaft member 804 is engaged with or advanced into the opening, the shaft member will be prevented from rotating relative to the indexing bracket 820. In any embodiments, the opening 820 can have a hexagonal shaped hole, an octagonal shaped hole, a splined hole, a round hole, or otherwise. With a square shaped hole, the shaft 804 can be indexed at 90° increments relative to the indexing bracket 816 when the end portion of the shaft is engaged with the indexing bracket 816. Additionally, the opening 820 can be splined or have a plurality of teeth, and the end of the shaft can have complementary features, configured to permit the handles to be securable at any of a variety of rotational orientations, such as at 45° increments, or 30° increments, or otherwise.

The indexing bracket 816 can be press fit, welded or formed integrally with a tubing member 817. The tubing member 817 can be configured to be securable to the bracket member 826 that can be bolted to the support member 680 of the frame assembly of the apparatus. For example, the tubing member can be rotationally fixed to the bracket member 826 using a set screw 827 advanced through an opening 828 in the bracket member 826 and into or against a wall of the tubing member 817. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the tubing member can be welded to the bracket member 826 either as a sub-assembly or during final assembly. In some embodiments, the tubing member 817 can be fixed to a post member 834 used to support the pin assembly 802 and a pulley assembly 828 using one or more screws, welds, or any other suitable fastening mechanism. A sleeve member can be positioned inside the tubing member 817 to provide a low friction guide surface to the shaft member 804.

A second platform 840 can be rotatably supported by the frame using one or more hinges 842. Opening the platform 840, as illustrated in FIG. 41, can permit access to one or more posts or attachment mechanisms 844 for attachment to an end portion of the tension members 660. Additionally, with reference to FIG. 50, a jump board 850 having a pair of posts 852 can be supported within the frame of the apparatus 620 by inserting the posts 852 into the openings 854 formed in the frame members. The adjustable foot bar 860 can be rotated back out of the way of the jump board 850 before the jump board is inserted into the openings 854. When not being used, the jump board can be stored under the frame 622 of the apparatus. The foot bar 860 can be secured in any of a plurality of desired rotational orientations, for example at a vertical position and at approximately 20° to 45° increments away from the vertical position.

When not being used, the jump board can be supported in or on a shelf, compartment, tray, rack, or with a tubing member attached to or supported by the frame of the apparatus. For example, with reference to FIG. 41, the jump board can be supported by a shelf comprising a tubing member that can be bent in a generally U shaped configuration, under the carriage or horizontal frame members of the apparatus.

With reference to FIG. 42, a strap member 870 which can withstand a vertical, upward force such as from a user's foot during abdominal crunches or otherwise, can be supported by a pair of bracket support members 872 on an underside of the frame 622. The bracket members 872 can be movable along a length of the frame so as to be positionable at any of a number of positions along a length of the frame 622. The bracket members 872 can be securable at any desired position along the length of the frame using insert pins, bolts, or otherwise. The strap member 870 can comprise hard webbing extending between the bracket members 872.

Although not illustrated, handle members can be attached to end portions of the cables or ropes 878, which can be routed through the pulley assemblies 828. The ropes 878 can be attached to the carriage assembly 624 to cause the carriage assembly to move along the rails when the cables are pulled, resulting in an exercising of the muscles of the body being engaged during such exercise routine. One or more locking members 882 can be supported on an underside of the carriage to attach to the rope or cables 878, and to permit a user to adjust a length of the rope or cables 878.

As discussed, any of the embodiments disclosed herein of the assemblies, components, or parts can have any combination of the features, components, or other details of any of the other assemblies, components, or parts disclosed herein or known in the field of reformer devices or other exercise apparatuses. Features, materials, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The protection is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The protection extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments, the actual steps taken in the processes illustrated and/or disclosed may differ from those shown in the figures. Depending on the embodiment, certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may be added. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to be defined only by reference to the appended claims. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the protection. Furthermore, the features and attributes of the specific embodiments disclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additional embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure provides certain preferred embodiments and applications, other embodiments that are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, including embodiments which do not provide all of the features and advantages set forth herein, are also within the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to be defined only by reference to the appended claims or claims that will be added in the future.

Features, materials, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The protection is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The protection extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Accordingly, while certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments, the actual steps taken in the processes illustrated and/or disclosed may differ from those shown in the figures. Depending on the embodiment, certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may be added. Furthermore, the features and attributes of the specific embodiments disclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additional embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Although the present disclosure includes certain embodiments, examples and applications, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof, including embodiments which do not provide all of the features and advantages set forth herein. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosures of preferred embodiments herein, and may be defined by claims as presented herein or as presented in the future. Finally, as used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term approximately is meant to represent a range of +/−10% of the stated value. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame comprising a first end, a second end, and two generally horizontal frame members extending from the first end to the second end; a carriage supported by the horizontal frame members, the carriage being configured to translate along at least a portion of a length of the horizontal frame members and having a planar support surface; a first set of springs supported by the carriage, the first set of springs being configured to extend toward at least the first end of the frame; and a convertible platform positioned adjacent to at least one of the first and second ends of the frame; wherein: the convertible platform comprises a planar first surface having an approximately horizontal orientation; a vertical height of the convertible platform is adjustable from a first position to at least a second position relative to a ground surface; when the convertible platform is in the first position, the planar first surface of the convertible platform is approximately level with the planar support surface of the carriage; and when the convertible platform is in the second position, the planar first surface of the convertible platform is positioned above the planar support surface of the carriage, thereby permitting a user to perform a different variety of exercises on the platform in a different plane of movement from a standing, kneeling, and lying positions.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second set of springs supported by the carriage, the second set of springs being configured to extend toward the second end of the frame.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first set of springs is configured to extend toward the first end of the frame and the second end of the frame.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the convertible platform can be supported on one or more guides along which the convertible platform can be moved from the first position to the second position.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more helical springs, gas springs, or other springs that exert an upward force on the convertible platform to enable a user to more easily move the convertible platform from the first position to the second position.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a pair of handle members positioned adjacent to the convertible platform, each handle member having a body portion configured to extend in a vertical direction and a gripping portion configured to extend in a direction approximately transverse to the body portion.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein each handle member is configured such that the gripping portion can be secured in any of a plurality of rotational orientations relative to the body portion independent of the rotational position of the other of the handle members.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein each handle member is further configured such that a vertical position of the gripping portion of each handle member is adjustable between a plurality of different vertical positions relative to the ground surface, such that the gripping portion can be secured in any of a plurality of different vertical positions relative to the ground surface.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising one or more rotatable pedal members positionable adjacent to at least one of the first end and the second end of the frame, the pedal members being configured to rotate about an approximately horizontally oriented axis and configured to produce a resistance force when a user exerts a downward force thereon.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more pedal members are retractable such that, the pedal members are in a retracted state when not being used, and in an extended state when being used.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a foot strap that can be positioned at any desired location along the length of the frame.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the carriage comprises a plurality of openings formed through a top surface thereof; each the plurality of openings are configured to removably support a shoulder pad therein; the should pads define a first width in a first direction and a second width in a second direction, the second width being greater than the first width; the shoulder pads can each be supported in one of a plurality of different orientations; when the shoulder pads are positioned in the openings such that the shoulder pads are each in a first orientation, the spacing between adjacent shoulder pads is less than when the shoulder pads are positioned in the openings such that the shoulder pads are in a second orientation.
 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the platform is removably supportable by any of a plurality either of a first pair of brackets and a second pair of brackets supported by the frame, wherein the platform positioned in the first pair of brackets would position the platform at the first position and the platform positioned in the second pair of brackets would position the platform at the second position.
 14. An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame comprising a first end, a second end and two generally horizontal frame members extending from the first end to the second end; a carriage supported by the horizontal frame members, the carriage being configured to translate along at least a portion of a length of the horizontal frame members and having a planar support surface; a first set of springs supported by the carriage, the first set of springs being configured to extend toward at least the first end of the frame; a platform positioned adjacent to an end portion of the frame, the platform having a top surface that is positioned above a top surface of the carriage and is configured to support a user in a seated position; and a pair of handle members positioned adjacent to the platform adjacent to each side of the platform; wherein: each handle member has a first portion configured to extend generally away from the ground surface and a second portion supported by the first portion that extends approximately perpendicularly away from the first portion; the position of each handle member can be adjusted such that the second portion can be moved from a first position height relative to the ground surface to a second height relative to the ground surface, the second height being further away from the ground surface than the first height; and the second portion of each handle member is selectively rotatable about an axis extending approximately through the centerline of the first portion of the handle member such that the rotational orientation of each handle member can be adjusted from a first rotational orientation to at least a second rotational orientation about the axis extending approximately through the centerline of the first portion of the handle member.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein an end of the first portion of the handle member has a square cross-sectional shape configured to be received within a square shaped opening of a support member secured to the apparatus such that the support member remains in a fixed rotational position and prevents the first portion of the handle member from rotating when the end of the first portion of the handle member is engaged with the opening.
 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the platform is positionable such that a top surface of the platform is approximately 8 inches or more above a top surface of the carriage.
 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus comprises a pair of handle members, and the pair of handle members is convertible from a first footbar position in which the second portion of each handle member is pointing inwardly toward one another to a second handle position in which each handle member has been extended further away from each first portion and is positionable in an angular orientation wherein each of the second portions is pointing approximately in the same, parallel direction.
 18. The apparatus of claim 14, comprising one or more rotatable pedal members positionable adjacent to at least one of the first end and the second end of the frame, the pedal members being configured to rotate about an approximately horizontally oriented axis and configured to produce a resistance force when a user exerts a downward force thereon.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more pedal members are retractable such that the pedal members are in a retracted state when not being used, and in an extended state when being used.
 20. A method of exercising, comprising: supporting one's body on a carriage member movably supported by one or more guides of an exercise apparatus; exerting a force against a bar assembly using one's feet, thereby causing the carriage member to travel away from the bar assembly along the one or more guides of the apparatus, the bar assembly having a first bar member supported by one side of the apparatus and a second bar member supported by a second side of the apparatus; raising the first bar member from a first position to a second position, the second position being further away from a ground surface than the first position; and rotating the member of the bar assembly from a first rotational orientation to a second rotational orientation such that a handle member of the bar assembly points in a different rotational orientation when the bar assembly is in the first rotational orientation as compared to the second rotational orientation. 